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| Fungal nail infection (ringworm of the nails) |
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Reviewed by Professor James Ferguson, consultant dermatologist
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What is ringworm of the nails?
Ringworm of the nail is due to a fungal infection (dermatophyte)
similar to the type that causes
athlete's foot.
Other scientific terms for ringworm of the nails are:
tinea unguium, onychomycosis or dermatophytosis
unguium. The fungi that cause ringworm are able to feed on keratin -
the main protein in nails, hair and the outer layer of the skin.
How do you get ringworm of the nails?
Ringworm of the nails can occur directly in the nail itself or
from an untreated fungal infection of the foot. Fungal infection of the foot
can also spread and grow into the nail.
What are the symptoms?
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A whitish thickening of the nail and nail-bed.
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The nail thickens, discolours and in advanced stages the nail
may become destroyed.
Who is at most risk?
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Young people, especially if they wear trainers.
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Sportspeople.
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People who are required to wear close-fitting rubber footwear
for their work.
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People who live in a warm, humid climate.
How does the doctor make a diagnosis?
Usually the diagnosis can be made from the clinical picture
alone. A smear or scrape may be taken for microscopic examination and culture
in the laboratory to identify the type of fungus.
How is ringworm of the nails treated?
Ringworm of the nails is best treated with antifungal tablets,
such as
terbinafine (Lamisil tablets),
and/or local fungicides, such as amorolfine (Loceryl nail lacquer) or
tioconazole (Trosyl) nail
solutions. The treatment may need to be continued for months.
Outlook
Ringworm of the nails can be difficult to cure and may return
even after treatment has ended.
Prevention
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Wash the feet daily and let them dry completely before putting
on socks and shoes.
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Use only cotton or wool socks and change them at least twice a
day and every time they become damp.
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Avoid footwear made of artificial material. Choose footwear
with breathable material such as leather or cotton.
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Sprinkle the feet and the inside of the shoes with a fungicidal
powder.
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Based on a text by Dr Flemming Andersen and Dr Ulla Søderberg, specialist
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Last updated 02.03.2005
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